SHA-256

SHA-256 is a hash function in the SHA-2 family. SHA stands for Secure Hash Algorithm and refers to a set of cryptographic hash functions designed by the National Security Agency and published by the National Institute of Standards and Technology as a U.S. Federal Information Processing Standard. The cryptographic hash function, a basic tool of modern cryptography, is a mathematical algorithm that maps data of arbitrary size to a bit array of a fixed size ("hash"). A hash is like a signature for a data set. SHA-256 uses 32-byte words. In computing, a word is the natural unit of data used by a particular processor design.

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